Timbuktu is a historic city located in the West African country of Mali. It was once a center of trade and learning in the medieval period and is known for its ancient manuscripts and architectural heritage. Timbuktu was founded in the 11th century and became a hub of commerce and culture, attracting scholars, traders, and artists from all over West Africa. During this period, the city was renowned for its universities and libraries, and its scholars were known for their contributions to fields such as mathematics, astronomy, and Islamic theology. The architectural heritage of Timbuktu includes ancient mosques and palaces, many of which are now recognized as UNESCO World Heritage Sites. In recent years, Timbuktu has faced threats from conflict and neglect, but efforts are underway to preserve and promote its cultural heritage for future generations. Timbuktu remains a symbol of Africa's rich cultural and intellectual history, and a testimony to the contributions of the Islamic civilization to world heritage.