The Museo Galileo, formerly known as the Institute and Museum of the History of Science, is a science museum located in Florence, Italy. It is dedicated to the history of science and contains one of the world's largest collections of scientific instruments and experimental equipment.

The museum's collection includes over 100,000 objects, including telescopes, globes, astrolabes, sundials, microscopes, and other scientific instruments from the 16th to the 19th centuries. The exhibits explore the history of science, from the origins of astronomy and medicine to the study of physics and chemistry.

The museum is located in the Palazzo Castellani, a historic building near the River Arno that was once the home of the Medici family. It was founded in the late 18th century by Grand Duke Peter Leopold of Tuscany and was originally a center for scientific research and teaching.

In addition to its permanent collection, the museum also hosts temporary exhibitions, educational programs, and events for visitors of all ages. It is open to the public daily except for Mondays and major holidays. Visitors can also explore the museum's website, which offers virtual tours, online exhibits, and other resources.