Mole Vanvitelliana, also known as Lazzaretto of Ancona, is a pentagonal-shaped island fortress located in the port city of Ancona, in the Marche region of Italy. The fortress was built between 1733 and 1744 by architect Luigi Vanvitelli, commissioned by Pope Clement XII, as a quarantine station to prevent the spread of infectious diseases such as the plague.

The Mole Vanvitelliana is unique in its design, being built on a small island connected to the mainland by a narrow causeway. The structure features a central courtyard, surrounded by two levels of porticoes with arches, and a series of internal rooms used for quarantine purposes. The fortress was also used as a military hospital during World War I and II.

Today, the Mole Vanvitelliana is a cultural center, hosting exhibitions, concerts, and events throughout the year. The fortress is also open to visitors, who can explore the structure and learn about its history and architecture.