Thebes, also known as Luxor, was an ancient Egyptian city located on the east bank of the Nile River in what is now modern-day Luxor Governorate. It was the capital of the New Kingdom of Egypt, which lasted from the 16th century BC to the 11th century BC.

The city was divided into two main parts: the East Bank, which was the center of religious activity and contained many of the city's most famous temples, and the West Bank, which was the site of the royal necropolis and a number of important mortuary temples.

The East Bank was home to the temples of Luxor and Karnak, which were among the most important religious centers in ancient Egypt. The Luxor Temple was dedicated to the god Amun, while the Karnak Temple was dedicated to the Theban Triad of Amun, Mut, and Khonsu. These temples were among the largest and most impressive in ancient Egypt, featuring massive columns, intricate reliefs, and other impressive architectural features.

On the West Bank, the Valley of the Kings was the site of the royal tombs of many New Kingdom pharaohs, including Tutankhamun and Ramesses II. Other important mortuary temples included the Temple of Hatshepsut and the Ramesseum.

Thebes was also a major center of art, literature, and culture in ancient Egypt. Many of the city's most famous works of art, including the tomb paintings of the Valley of the Kings and the reliefs of the Karnak Temple, are now on display in museums around the world.