Hidden in the dramatic landscapes of the Andes Mountains, the Pukamayu River—which means “Red River” in Quechua—is one of Peru’s most unusual and breathtaking natural wonders. Flowing near the famous Rainbow Mountain (Vinicunca) in the Cusco region, Pukamayu is known for its striking red-colored waters, which wind through the valleys like a ribbon of liquid fire against the green and ochre mountainsides. This surreal sight has made it one of the most photographed hidden gems in the Peruvian highlands.

The name “Pukamayu” comes from the Quechua words puka (red) and mayu (river), perfectly describing its appearance. The river’s deep red hue is caused by rainwater mixing with iron-rich sediments from the surrounding mountains. During the rainy season, the increased flow stirs up more mineral deposits, intensifying the color and transforming the valley into a vibrant natural spectacle.

Located in the province of Canchis, south of Cusco, Pukamayu flows through the same geological formations that give Rainbow Mountain its vivid layers, both products of millions of years of mineral accumulation and erosion.

Interesting Facts
- The river’s color is entirely natural, resulting from red clay and iron oxide sediments suspended in the water.
- Its hue changes with the weather: bright red after heavy rain, and softer brownish tones during the dry season.
- The Pukamayu area is part of the Andean highlands, sitting at altitudes of over 4,800 meters (15,700 feet) above sea level.
- It is often combined with treks to Vinicunca (Rainbow Mountain) or the Red Valley (Valle Rojo), both nearby attractions with equally surreal landscapes.
- The region is home to Quechua-speaking communities, whose traditional herding and farming lifestyles remain largely unchanged for centuries.

Travel Tips
- Best Time to Visit: Between January and March, during the rainy season, when the river’s color is at its brightest.
- Getting There: Tours to Rainbow Mountain or Red Valley often include stops or views of the Pukamayu River. The closest major city is Cusco, about a 3-hour drive away.
- What to Bring: Warm clothing (temperatures drop quickly), water, snacks, and good hiking shoes—the altitude and terrain can be challenging.
- Photography Tip: The best time for photos is late morning to midday, when the sunlight enhances the river’s red tones against the green and gray mountains.
- Altitude Caution: Take time to acclimatize in Cusco before visiting; the area sits at nearly 5,000 meters above sea level.