Hatra is an ancient fortified city located in the desert of the Al-Jazira region of Iraq. The city was founded in the 3rd or 2nd century BC and was the capital of the Kingdom of Araba, a client kingdom of the Parthian Empire. The city is notable for its unique blend of Hellenistic and Eastern architecture and its defensive walls and towers.

The city's defensive walls, which are up to 6 meters thick and 7 meters high, were constructed of large limestone blocks and protected by watchtowers and fortified gates. Within the walls, the city was organized into a grid of streets and blocks, with public buildings, temples, and private residences.

Hatra is particularly noted for its temples, which reflect the city's religious and cultural diversity. The Great Temple of Hatra was dedicated to the Mesopotamian god of wisdom, Nabu, and was notable for its large, circular sanctuary with a high dome. Other temples were dedicated to the gods of the Greco-Roman pantheon, such as Hercules and Apollo, as well as to the gods of the local Arab tribes.

Hatra's prosperity was due to its strategic location on the trade routes that linked Mesopotamia with Persia and the Mediterranean. The city was also a center of culture and learning, with a renowned school of astrology and a library that was said to contain thousands of books.

Hatra was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. Unfortunately, the city was heavily damaged by ISIS militants in 2015, who vandalized and destroyed many of the city's ancient structures and artifacts. However, ongoing efforts to restore and reconstruct the city continue.