Melissani Cave is a stunning natural wonder located on the island of Kefalonia in Greece. The cave is famous for its crystal-clear waters, which reflect the sun and create a beautiful, dreamlike atmosphere. Visitors to the cave can take a boat tour through the main chamber and admire the mesmerizing light effects that are created as the sun shines through the cave's roof.

The Melissani Cave is believed to have formed more than 20,000 years ago and is thought to have been used as a place of worship in ancient times. The cave's name, Melissani, is derived from the Greek word "melissa," which means "bee," and refers to the honey-like color of the waters in the cave.

Today, the Melissani Cave is a popular tourist destination, attracting thousands of visitors each year. The cave's tranquil waters and ethereal beauty make it a must-visit destination for anyone visiting Kefalonia or Greece more broadly.

Melissani cave

The Marble Caves, also known as the "Cuevas de Mármol" in Spanish, are a series of striking, naturally-formed caves located on the banks of General Carrera Lake in Patagonia, Chile. The caves are made up of striking, swirling patterns of blue and turquoise waters, white and black marble, and bold rock formations. The natural beauty of the caves draws thousands of visitors from all over the world every year.

The Marble Caves are formed as a result of 6,000 years of wave action and weathering on the marble cliffs surrounding the lake. The swirling patterns and shapes of the caves are created by the interplay of light and water, reflecting off the walls and creating an ever-changing and mesmerizing display of color and texture.

Visitors can take boat tours of the caves, which provide an up-close view of the intricate and beautiful marble formations. The caves are accessible only by boat, and the boat tours typically last around 1 hour. The experience of exploring the Marble Caves is a unique and unforgettable one, offering visitors the chance to admire the beauty of nature in a stunning, remote and peaceful location.

Marble caves

The Batu caves are a series of caves and temples located in Selangor, Malaysia. The caves are one of the most popular Hindu shrines outside of India, and are dedicated to Lord Murugan. The main attraction of the Batu Caves is the Temple Cave, which features a 100-meter high ceiling and is home to numerous Hindu shrines and statues. The caves are located just 13 kilometers from Kuala Lumpur and can be easily reached by train.

Visitors to the Batu Caves are often struck by the towering, steep steps leading up to the main temple, which are known as the "Staircase to Heaven." In addition to the Temple Cave, the Batu Caves also contain several smaller caves, including the Dark Cave, which is home to rare species of bats, and the Ramayana Cave, which features intricate carvings and paintings depicting scenes from the Hindu epic, the Ramayana.

The Batu Caves are also famous for their annual Thaipusam festival, which attracts hundreds of thousands of Hindu devotees from all over the world. During the festival, devotees carry kavadis, large decorative structures that are attached to their bodies, as a form of religious penance and devotion.

The Batu Caves are an important religious site for the Hindu community and a popular tourist attraction, attracting over 1 million visitors each year.

Batu caves

The Grutas de Mira de Aire, or Mira de Aire Caves, are a fascinating natural attraction located near the town of Mira de Aire, in the Leiria District of Portugal. These stunning limestone caves are one of the largest and most beautiful cave systems in Portugal, and they are renowned for their impressive rock formations, underground rivers, and breathtaking natural beauty.

The Mira de Aire Caves were formed over millions of years by the erosive action of water on the limestone rock, creating a labyrinth of underground passages, chambers, and caverns that extend for over 11 kilometers (about 7 miles). The caves are divided into several levels, with the main tour covering approximately 600 meters (about 1,970 feet) of accessible pathways that wind through the most spectacular sections of the cave system, including the Sala Grande (Big Hall), the Cúpula Vermelha (Red Dome), and the Lago das Canoas (Canoe Lake).

One of the highlights of the Grutas de Mira de Aire is the Sala Grande, a vast chamber with towering stalactites and stalagmites, some of which reach heights of over 30 meters (about 98 feet), creating a dramatic and awe-inspiring spectacle that showcases the incredible beauty and geological significance of the caves. The Cúpula Vermelha is another impressive feature of the cave system, with its striking red-colored dome and intricate rock formations that resemble cascading waterfalls, creating a surreal and otherworldly ambiance that captivates visitors and photographers alike.

Grutas de Mira de Aire

The Benagil Caves are a series of caves and grottoes located on the southern coast of Portugal in the Algarve region, near the small fishing village of Benagil. The caves are a popular tourist attraction, known for their unique rock formations, turquoise waters, and hidden beaches.

The most famous cave is the Algar de Benagil, which is a large dome-shaped cave with a circular opening at the top, allowing sunlight to enter and illuminate the interior. Visitors can swim, kayak or take a boat tour to reach the cave, where they can enjoy the view of the stunning natural scenery.

The Benagil Caves are situated in the Praia de Benagil beach, which can be reached by car or by boat. It is advisable to take a boat trip to the caves during low tide, as the caves are not accessible during high tide. Boat tours are offered by several companies in the area, and some tours also offer the opportunity to swim, snorkel, or sunbathe on the beaches near the caves.

The Benagil Caves are a popular destination for tourists visiting the Algarve region, and their unique beauty and picturesque scenery make them a must-see attraction for anyone traveling to Portugal.

Benagil caves

Nahal Me'arot (Hebrew for "Cave Stream") is a series of prehistoric caves located in the Carmel Mountain Range in northern Israel. The caves contain a unique collection of human and animal remains, as well as stone tools and artifacts from the Paleolithic era, dating back as far as 600,000 years ago.

The site consists of four main caves, the Tabun Cave, the Jamal Cave, the El-Wad Cave, and the Skhul Cave, which have been excavated by archaeologists since the early 20th century. The caves are a UNESCO World Heritage Site and are considered one of the most important archaeological sites in the world for understanding the development of early human culture.

The caves provide evidence of the evolution of human culture and technology, including the transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture, the development of language and artistic expression, and the emergence of religious and symbolic beliefs. The caves also contain evidence of the coexistence and interaction of modern humans and Neanderthals.

Nahal Me'arot cave

Aven d'Orgnac is a large karst cave system located in the Ardeche region of France, approximately 25 kilometers northwest of the town of Vallon-Pont-d'Arc. The cave was discovered in 1935 and has since become a popular tourist destination, known for its impressive array of stalactites, stalagmites, and other geological formations.

Visitors to Aven d'Orgnac can take a guided tour of the cave, which lasts around 75 minutes and covers a distance of approximately 1.5 kilometers. During the tour, visitors will pass through several large chambers and galleries, each with its own unique formations and features. One of the highlights of the cave is the "Grand Stalactite", a towering column of calcite measuring over 30 meters in height.

In addition to the cave itself, Aven d'Orgnac also features a visitor center and museum, which provides information about the geology and history of the cave, as well as the surrounding Ardeche region. The museum also features exhibits on prehistoric life in the region, including the famous Chauvet Cave, which contains some of the oldest known cave art in the world.

Aven d'Orgnac

Aggtelek Karst is a large karst area in northeastern Hungary, covering an area of 712 km². It is located on the border of Hungary and Slovakia, with the Slovak karst forming a continuation of the Aggtelek Karst. The area is known for its numerous caves, including the Baradla Cave, which is the longest cave in Hungary and one of the largest in Europe. The cave system includes underground lakes, stalactites, and stalagmites, and is a popular tourist destination.

The Aggtelek Karst is also home to a unique ecosystem, with many rare and endangered species of plants and animals. The area was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1995 in recognition of its outstanding geological and ecological value. The caves and their surroundings are protected by national parks on both the Hungarian and Slovak sides, which aim to preserve the natural and cultural heritage of the area.

The Aggtelek Karst has a rich cultural history, with evidence of human habitation dating back to the Stone Age. The caves were used for shelter and burial by early humans, and later served as hideouts for rebels during the Ottoman and Habsburg periods. The area also has a long tradition of farming and forestry, with many traditional practices and customs still in use today.

Aggtelek Karst

The Vatnajökull Glacier Ice Caves are a natural wonder located in Vatnajökull National Park, in southeastern Iceland. Vatnajökull is the largest glacier in Europe by volume, covering an area of around 8,100 square kilometers.

During the winter months, when the temperatures drop and the glacier is stable, mesmerizing ice caves form within the glacier. These ice caves are created by meltwater from the glacier's surface carving intricate tunnels and chambers through the ice, resulting in stunning formations of translucent blue ice.

The ice caves offer a unique and otherworldly experience, allowing visitors to explore the shimmering ice formations from the inside. The colors and textures of the ice, combined with the natural light filtering through, create a mesmerizing visual spectacle.

It's important to note that the ice caves are not permanent structures and their formation and accessibility vary from year to year. Local guides and tour operators closely monitor the conditions and provide guided tours to ensure the safety of visitors. The tours typically involve a moderate hike to reach the caves, and safety equipment such as crampons and helmets are provided.

Exploring the Vatnajökull Glacier Ice Caves provides a rare opportunity to witness the beauty of nature's ice sculptures up close. The surreal atmosphere, the play of light on the ice, and the immense scale of the glacier create a truly unforgettable experience for those fortunate enough to visit.

Vatnajokull glacier caves

Harrison's Cave is a natural wonder located in the parish of Saint Thomas in central Barbados. It is a limestone cave system that was formed over thousands of years by water erosion, and was first documented in the late 18th century.

The cave features stunning stalactites, stalagmites, waterfalls, and deep pools of crystal-clear water. Visitors can explore the cave on a tram ride that takes them through the various chambers, or on a walking tour that allows them to get up close and personal with the formations.

The tram ride takes visitors through the larger chambers of the cave, with informative commentary from guides. The walking tour takes visitors through the narrow passages and smaller chambers of the cave, where they can see the formations up close and learn about the geology and history of the cave.

Harrison's Cave also features a museum and gift shop, where visitors can learn more about the natural history and culture of Barbados. The cave is a popular tourist attraction in Barbados and is considered one of the island's must-see destinations.

Harrison's cave

Grjótagjá is a small lava cave situated in Iceland's north. It is one of the most popular tourist destinations in the area and has become famous for its natural hot spring located inside. The cave is located in the Mývatn area of northern Iceland, close to the Krafla volcano. It was formed during a volcanic eruption thousands of years ago and is around 30 meters long and 15 meters wide.

The water temperature inside the cave can vary from day to day, but it usually ranges from 37 to 40 degrees Celsius, making it a popular spot for swimming. However, due to geological instability, the water temperature can sometimes become too hot for swimming, and access to the cave may be temporarily closed for safety reasons. Visitors are advised to check with local authorities before attempting to enter the cave.

Grjótagjá gained worldwide fame after it was featured in the popular TV series Game of Thrones. The cave was used as a filming location for a scene involving the characters Jon Snow and Ygritte in the third season of the show. Since then, it has become a popular tourist attraction for fans of the series, as well as nature enthusiasts visiting Iceland.

Grjotagja cave

Ali-Sadr cave is a magnificent cave located in the Hamadan province of Iran, about 100 km north of the city of Hamadan. It is one of the largest and most beautiful water caves in the world, with a complex system of interconnected tunnels and lakes.

The cave was discovered by a group of Iranian and French explorers in the 1960s, and it was opened to the public in 1976. The cave's unique features include underground rivers, lakes, and waterfalls, as well as striking rock formations and stalactites and stalagmites that have been forming for millions of years.

Visitors to Ali-Sadr cave can take a boat tour through the cave's tunnels and lakes, with the water being so clear that the visitors can see the bottom of the lake, which is several meters below. The temperature inside the cave is also quite mild, remaining around 12 to 13 degrees Celsius throughout the year.

Ali-Sadr cave is not only a tourist attraction but also an important geological and ecological site, as well as a significant archaeological site. It has provided a wealth of information about the region's geology and climate, as well as the lives of the people who lived in the area thousands of years ago.

Ali-Sadr cave

The Decorated Caves of the Vézère Valley are a series of prehistoric caves located in southwestern France, near the town of Les Eyzies. These caves contain some of the finest examples of Paleolithic cave art in the world and have been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The caves were inhabited by humans during the Upper Paleolithic period, approximately 20,000 to 10,000 years ago. The art in these caves includes paintings, engravings, and carvings of animals, humans, and abstract designs. The art was created using various techniques, including finger-painting, blowing pigment through a tube, and using brushes made from animal hair.

The most famous cave in the Vézère Valley is Lascaux, which contains some of the most impressive examples of Paleolithic cave art in the world. The cave is divided into several chambers, with the most famous being the Hall of the Bulls, which contains paintings of bulls, horses, deer, and other animals.

Other notable caves in the Vézère Valley include Font-de-Gaume, which has some of the last remaining polychrome cave paintings in France, and Rouffignac Cave, which features engravings of mammoths, horses, and bison.

While some of the caves are open to the public, access is limited to protect the delicate artwork. Visitors can see replicas of some of the most famous paintings, and there are several museums in the area dedicated to the study and preservation of Paleolithic art.

Decorated Caves of the Vezere Valley

Postojna Cave is a karst cave system located in Slovenia, near the town of Postojna. It is one of the largest cave systems in the world, with over 24 kilometers of underground tunnels, passages, and halls. The cave was formed over millions of years by the Pivka River, which still flows through it today.

Visitors to Postojna Cave can take a tour through a portion of the cave system, which includes an underground train ride and a walk through various halls and passages. The highlight of the tour is the Hall of Ceremonies, which features stunning stalactites, stalagmites, and other formations.

The cave is also home to a variety of unusual animals, including the olm, a blind salamander that can live for over a century. Visitors can see these creatures up close in a special exhibition area.

Postojna Cave is one of Slovenia's top tourist attractions, with over half a million visitors each year. It is open year-round, although hours vary depending on the season.

Postojna cave

Son Doong Cave is the world's largest cave, located in the heart of Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park in central Vietnam. The cave was first discovered in 1991 by a local farmer, but was only fully explored and mapped in 2009 by a team of British cavers. Since then, it has become one of the most popular tourist attractions in Vietnam.

Son Doong Cave is over five miles long, and in some places is more than 650 feet high and 490 feet wide. The cave contains its own river, as well as a unique ecosystem with a variety of plants and animals that have adapted to the cave's dark and humid environment. Visitors to Son Doong Cave can explore the cave's vast caverns and chambers, as well as swim in its underground rivers and lakes.

To protect the cave's delicate ecosystem, access to Son Doong Cave is limited and visitors must obtain permits through licensed tour operators. Tours of the cave typically last several days and involve trekking and camping in the surrounding jungle. Visitors must be in good physical condition and prepared for the challenging terrain.

Despite its remote location and limited access, Son Doong Cave has become a popular destination for adventurous travelers looking for a unique and unforgettable experience. With its stunning natural beauty and fascinating geological history, Son Doong Cave is a must-visit destination for anyone traveling to Vietnam.

Son Doong Cave

Pak Ou caves, also known as Tham Ting and Tham Theung, are a group of natural caves located near the Mekong River in northern Laos. The caves are known for their collection of thousands of Buddha statues, which have been left behind by pilgrims and visitors over the centuries.

There are two main caves at Pak Ou: Tham Ting and Tham Theung. Tham Ting is the lower cave and is easily accessible by boat or road. It contains hundreds of small and large Buddha statues of various sizes and materials, including wood, stone, and bronze. Tham Theung is the upper cave, which requires a short climb up a steep set of stairs. It is less accessible but is home to a smaller number of larger and more ornate Buddha statues.

The caves are believed to have been used for Buddhist worship since the 16th century, when the Lao kings and local people began placing Buddha statues in the caves. Today, the caves are a popular pilgrimage site for both domestic and international visitors, particularly during the Lao New Year in April.

Visitors to Pak Ou caves can explore the caves and marvel at the thousands of Buddha statues, many of which are centuries old. The caves are also set against a beautiful natural backdrop, with the Mekong River and surrounding limestone cliffs providing a stunning view.

Pak Ou caves are located about 25 kilometers north of the ancient city of Luang Prabang, and can be reached by boat or road. There are several tour companies that offer guided tours to the caves, which typically include a stop at a nearby village and a traditional Lao lunch.

Pak Ou caves

Eisriesenwelt is the largest ice cave in the world located near Werfen, in the Austrian state of Salzburg. It is a natural wonder and attracts many tourists every year. Eisriesenwelt literally means "World of the Ice Giants," and it is an extensive cave system that extends more than 40 kilometers, of which only about 1 km is open to the public.

The cave system was formed by natural processes over millions of years, and it contains a labyrinth of winding passages, icy chambers, and stunning ice formations. The ice inside the cave is said to be more than 1,000 years old and is still growing in some parts.

The cave's entrance is at an altitude of 1,675 meters, and visitors must climb a steep path to reach the entrance. The cave is open to visitors from May to October, and guided tours are available. Visitors are advised to wear warm clothing, as the temperature inside the cave is constantly below freezing.

In addition to its natural beauty, the Eisriesenwelt has an interesting history. It was first discovered in 1879 by Anton Posselt, and it was later explored by numerous scientists and explorers. During World War II, the cave was used as a secret storage facility for art treasures, and it was also used as a setting for the filming of several movies. Today, it is a popular tourist attraction and a must-visit destination for anyone traveling to Austria.

Eisriesenwelt

Grotta Gigante (Giant Cave) is a cave located near the city of Trieste, in northeastern Italy. The cave is known for its enormous size, with a volume of around 350,000 cubic meters, making it one of the largest show caves in the world. The cave was discovered in 1840 by a local blacksmith, and has since become a popular tourist destination.

The cave's main chamber is about 107 meters long, 62 meters wide, and 98 meters tall, which is large enough to contain the entire nave of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. Visitors can take a guided tour through the cave, which takes about an hour and covers a distance of about 1 kilometer. Along the way, visitors can see various stalactites, stalagmites, and other limestone formations, as well as an underground lake.

The cave is also known for its remarkable acoustics, which have made it a popular venue for concerts and other performances. The cave's main chamber can accommodate an audience of up to 500 people, and a number of famous musicians and performers have performed there over the years.

In addition to the cave itself, there is also a small museum at the site, which contains exhibits on the cave's history, geology, and biology. The museum also features a display of prehistoric artifacts found in the cave, including bones and stone tools from Neolithic and Bronze Age human settlements.

Grotta gigante Trieste

The Tempio del Valadier, also known as the Temple of the Madonna of the Graces, is a small church located in the municipality of Genga, in the province of Ancona, Italy. It was built between 1816 and 1832 in honor of Pope Leo XII, who was born in the nearby town of Genga.

The temple was designed by the architect Giuseppe Valadier, who created a unique neoclassical structure that blends perfectly with the surrounding natural landscape. It is located inside the Frasassi Caves, a popular tourist attraction in the region.

The interior of the temple is octagonal and features a dome with a height of 34 meters. The walls and dome are covered with beautiful frescoes that depict scenes from the Bible and the life of Pope Leo XII. The temple also features a stunning altar, made of white marble and adorned with intricate carvings and sculptures.

One of the most impressive aspects of the temple is its location. It is situated on the side of a mountain and can only be reached by walking up a steep path. However, the view from the top is breathtaking, offering a panoramic vista of the surrounding countryside. It is a popular destination for tourists and pilgrims alike.

Grotte di Frasassi (Tempio del Valadier)

Prometheus Cave is a large limestone cave located in the Imereti region of western Georgia, approximately 20 km northwest of the city of Kutaisi. It was discovered in 1984 and opened to visitors in 2011.

The cave is known for its beautiful stalactites, stalagmites, underground lakes, and rivers. Visitors can explore the cave via a 1.2-kilometer walkway that winds through the cave's chambers, which are illuminated by colorful lighting.

The cave is named after Prometheus, the mythical Greek titan who stole fire from the gods and gave it to humanity. According to legend, Prometheus was chained to a rock in the Caucasus Mountains, which are located nearby.

Prometheus Cave is part of a larger cave system that extends for more than 11 kilometers. The cave's interior temperature remains constant at 14 degrees Celsius, making it a popular destination for tourists seeking respite from the hot Georgian summers.

Prometheus cave

Animal Flower Cave is a beautiful sea cave located in the northern part of the island of Barbados. It is one of the island's most popular natural attractions and is known for its stunning rock formations, crystal-clear waters, and diverse marine life.

The cave's name is derived from the many sea anemones found inside the cave, which are locally known as "animal flowers". The cave itself is made up of a series of chambers that are accessible by stairs and walkways. Visitors can explore the cave's various tunnels and passages, which lead to underground pools and grottos.

Animal Flower Cave is also a popular spot for snorkeling and swimming. The waters around the cave are home to a variety of marine life, including colorful tropical fish and sea turtles. Visitors can rent snorkeling equipment on-site and take a guided tour of the cave's underwater areas.

Animal Flower cave

Fingal's Cave is a natural wonder located on the uninhabited island of Staffa, in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland. It is famous for its unique geological formations and its association with music and literature. The cave is about 72 feet (22 meters) tall and 270 feet (82 meters) deep, and it was formed millions of years ago by volcanic activity.

What makes Fingal's Cave so special is its hexagonal basalt columns, which are a result of the cooling of lava flows that occurred over 60 million years ago. The columns are formed in a distinctive pattern, which gives the cave its unique and awe-inspiring appearance. The interior of the cave is often illuminated by the light that enters through its arched entrance, creating a dramatic and enchanting effect.

The cave has been visited by many artists and writers over the centuries, including the poet Lord Tennyson, who was inspired to write a poem about it, and the composer Felix Mendelssohn, who visited in 1829 and was inspired to write the Hebrides Overture (also known as Fingal's Cave) based on his experience.

Today, Fingal's Cave is a popular tourist destination, and visitors can explore the cave and its surroundings by boat tours, which depart from nearby towns like Oban and Fionnphort. The island of Staffa, where the cave is located, is also home to a variety of wildlife, including puffins, seals, and dolphins, making it an excellent destination for nature lovers as well.

Fingal's Cave

Cuevas del Drach, also known as the Caves of Drach, is a famous underground cave system located on the east coast of the Spanish island of Mallorca. These caves were first discovered in the 19th century and have since become a popular tourist destination.

The caves feature a series of large underground lakes, with one of them, called Lake Martel, being one of the largest underground lakes in the world. Visitors can take a guided tour of the caves to see the various limestone formations, including stalactites and stalagmites, that have been formed over thousands of years.

One of the most popular attractions in the caves is a classical music concert that takes place daily on a small boat in Lake Martel. The concert is a unique experience that takes advantage of the incredible acoustics of the cave system.

The caves are open to visitors year-round, with tours running several times per day. Visitors should wear comfortable shoes, as there are some uneven surfaces and stairs to climb. The temperature inside the caves is around 21 degrees Celsius (70 degrees Fahrenheit) year-round, so visitors should dress accordingly.

Cuevas del Drach

Magura Cave is a limestone cave located in the northwest part of Bulgaria, near the village of Rabisha. The cave is famous for its prehistoric cave paintings, which date back to the Neolithic period, around 8,000-4,000 BCE. The paintings depict a wide range of subjects, including animals, hunting scenes, and religious symbols.

Magura Cave is considered one of the most important prehistoric sites in Bulgaria and is included in the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List. The cave is also home to a number of rare and endemic species of bats, making it an important natural habitat.

The cave has a length of 2.5 km, of which only 700 meters are open to the public. Visitors can take guided tours of the cave to see the ancient paintings and explore its unique geological formations, including stalactites, stalagmites, and cave pearls.

Magura cave

Lipa Cave is a natural wonder located near Cetinje in Montenegro. The cave is over 2.5 million years old and is one of the largest and most beautiful caves in the country, stretching over 2.5 km (1.5 miles) underground.

The cave was discovered in 2015 and opened to the public in 2019, allowing visitors to explore its magnificent chambers, tunnels, and galleries. It is known for its fascinating stalactites, stalagmites, helictites, and other unique formations that have been created over thousands of years.

Visitors can choose between two types of tours: a regular tour and an adventure tour. The regular tour takes visitors on a 1.5 km (0.9 miles) walk through the cave's main attractions, including the "Winter Palace" with its impressive ice formations, the "Sea of Stalactites," and the "Room of Shadows." The adventure tour, on the other hand, is a more challenging experience that requires crawling, climbing, and wading through water.

In addition to its natural beauty, Lipa Cave also has an interesting history. During World War II, the cave was used as a hideout by the Yugoslav Partisans, and visitors can still see some of the artifacts and inscriptions left behind by the Partisans.

Lipa Cave is a must-visit destination for nature lovers and adventure seekers visiting Montenegro.

Lipa cave

The Castellana Caves (Grotte di Castellana) are a network of underground caves located in the town of Castellana Grotte in the Apulia region of southern Italy. The caves were first discovered in 1938 and have since become a popular tourist attraction, drawing visitors from all over the world.

The Castellana Caves are a series of limestone formations that were formed over millions of years by the action of water on the rock. The caves extend for over 3 kilometers (1.9 miles) and are divided into three sections: the White Cave, the Black Cave, and the Red Cave.

The White Cave is the first and most famous section of the caves, featuring stunning white limestone formations that have been carved out by centuries of flowing water. The Black Cave is named for its dark walls and features several large caverns, while the Red Cave is known for its red limestone formations and intricate stalactites and stalagmites.

Guided tours of the Castellana Caves are available year-round and take visitors through all three sections of the cave network. Along the way, visitors can see a variety of unique limestone formations, underground lakes and streams, and even prehistoric fossils.

Castellana caves

Niah Caves is a complex of caves located in the Miri Division of Sarawak, Malaysia. The caves are one of the most important archaeological sites in Southeast Asia, containing evidence of human habitation dating back over 40,000 years.

The caves are made up of a series of limestone caverns and chambers, with the largest chamber measuring approximately 75 meters (246 feet) wide and 30 meters (98 feet) high. The caves contain an abundance of stalactites, stalagmites, and other formations, making them a popular destination for tourists and spelunkers.

In addition to their natural beauty, the Niah Caves are renowned for their archaeological significance. Excavations have uncovered evidence of human habitation dating back to the Paleolithic era, including tools, pottery, and the remains of human skeletons.

One of the most notable discoveries in the Niah Caves is the skull of a Homo sapiens dating back approximately 40,000 years, making it one of the oldest human remains found in Southeast Asia. Other significant finds include cave paintings depicting human figures and animals, as well as evidence of trade and commerce between ancient civilizations.

Today, visitors to the Niah Caves can explore the caverns and view some of the artifacts on display in the nearby museum. Guided tours are available, and visitors are advised to wear sturdy shoes and bring a flashlight, as some parts of the caves are quite dark and slippery.

The Niah Caves are located approximately 110 kilometers (68 miles) from the city of Miri and can be reached by car or public transport. The caves are open to visitors daily, and admission fees apply.

Niah caves

The Caves of Valeron, also known as the Cueva de Valeron or Cenobio de Valeron, are a fascinating archaeological site located on the island of Gran Canaria in the Canary Islands, Spain. These ancient caves are carved into the volcanic tuff rock of the island's northern coast and are renowned for their historical significance, unique architecture, and well-preserved pre-Hispanic structures.

The Caves of Valeron consist of a series of interconnected artificial caves that were created by the indigenous Guanche people, the original inhabitants of the Canary Islands, who lived on the island of Gran Canaria before the arrival of the Spanish in the 15th century. The caves served as granaries, storage facilities, and possibly as dwellings for the Guanche population, providing protection from the elements and intruders, as well as maintaining a stable and cool environment for storing crops and food supplies.

The Caves of Valeron are estimated to date back to between the 6th and 12th centuries AD, making them one of the most important and well-preserved archaeological sites from the pre-Hispanic era in the Canary Islands. The caves are carved into the cliff face and consist of multiple chambers, galleries, and alcoves, with some caves reaching up to 30 meters in length.

One of the most remarkable features of the Caves of Valeron is the intricate system of stone shelves and platforms, known as "gofios," that line the interior walls of the caves. These stone shelves were used to store and preserve various agricultural products, including cereals, legumes, and other foodstuffs, which were essential for the survival of the Guanche people.

The Caves of Valeron are located in a scenic and secluded area overlooking the Barranco de Guiniguada ravine, providing breathtaking views of the surrounding countryside and the Atlantic Ocean. The site is easily accessible by car and is well-signposted from the nearby town of Santa Maria de Guia, making it a popular destination for tourists, history enthusiasts, and archaeology buffs interested in exploring the ancient history and culture of the Canary Islands.

To preserve and protect the Caves of Valeron and their valuable archaeological heritage, the site has been designated as a Cultural Heritage Site by the government of the Canary Islands. Guided tours are available for visitors to explore the caves and learn about the history, architecture, and cultural significance of this remarkable pre-Hispanic archaeological site.

Caves of Valeron

Hang Son Doong, also known as Son Doong Cave, is the world's largest cave located in Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park, Quang Binh Province, Vietnam. Discovered in 1991 by a local farmer named Ho Khanh, Hang Son Doong remained relatively unknown to the outside world until it was first explored and publicly announced by a team of British cavers in 2009. Since then, Hang Son Doong has captivated the imagination of explorers, photographers, and adventure seekers from around the globe due to its immense size, stunning geological formations, and unique ecosystem.

Hang Son Doong measures over 5.5 miles (9 kilometers) in length and reaches heights of up to 650 feet (200 meters) and widths of 490 feet (150 meters), making it significantly larger than the previous record-holder, Malaysia's Deer Cave. The cave is formed by the erosion of limestone bedrock over millions of years by the Rao Thuong River, which flows through the cave and has carved out vast chambers, giant stalactites, and stalagmites, and other spectacular rock formations that adorn the interior of the cave.

One of the most remarkable features of Hang Son Doong is its enormous main chamber, known as "Vietnam's Great Wall of Vietnam," which is large enough to accommodate an entire city block of New York City, including skyscrapers. The chamber is illuminated by natural skylights, which filter through the lush greenery and vegetation that has taken root on the cave floor, creating a surreal and otherworldly atmosphere that is unlike anything else on Earth.

Hang Son Doong is also home to a diverse and unique ecosystem, with its own microclimate that supports a wide variety of plant and animal species, some of which are found nowhere else on Earth. The cave's interior is teeming with life, including rare cave-dwelling species such as cave pearls, cave crickets, and blind fish, as well as several species of bats and swifts that inhabit the cave's vast chambers and tunnels.

Exploring Hang Son Doong is a once-in-a-lifetime adventure that requires a high level of physical fitness and endurance, as well as specialized caving equipment and experienced guides. Only a limited number of permits are issued each year to ensure the conservation and protection of the cave's fragile and pristine environment, making it one of the most exclusive and sought-after adventure travel destinations in the world.

Visitors to Hang Son Doong can embark on multi-day expedition tours organized by authorized tour operators, which typically include trekking through the lush jungles of Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park, crossing rivers, and camping in the cave's vast chambers and underground campsites. The tours offer a unique opportunity to experience the awe-inspiring beauty and grandeur of Hang Son Doong, explore its hidden passages and chambers, and learn about the fascinating geology, ecology, and cultural heritage of this extraordinary natural wonder.

Hang Son Dong

Crystal and Fantasy Caves are two popular limestone caves located in Hamilton Parish, Bermuda. These caves are known for their stunning crystal formations, underground pools, and clear blue waters.

The Crystal Cave was first discovered by two teenagers in 1907 while they were playing cricket. Upon further exploration, it was found to be a stunning natural wonder that has since become a popular tourist attraction. Visitors can descend 120 feet below the earth's surface to witness the stunning stalactites and stalagmites formed over thousands of years, as well as a large clear underground lake. The cave's unique lighting system enhances the natural beauty of the formations and creates a magical atmosphere.

The Fantasy Cave is located nearby and was discovered in 1905. It is known for its intricate formations that create an ethereal atmosphere, making it a favorite location for photographers. Visitors can witness the tall columns, crystal clusters, and other unique formations in the cave. Like the Crystal Cave, the lighting system used in the Fantasy Cave adds to the cave's enchanting ambiance.

Guided tours of the caves are available, and visitors are provided with information on the history and geology of the formations. The caves are accessible via a staircase, and the paths are well-maintained, making it an ideal attraction for visitors of all ages. The Crystal and Fantasy Caves are both incredible natural attractions and a must-visit destination for anyone traveling to Bermuda.

Crystal and Fantasy caves

The Caves of Hercules are a set of natural caves located just outside Tangier, Morocco, on the Atlantic coast. The caves are known for their distinctive rock formations and their association with the legendary Greek hero Hercules.

According to mythology, Hercules rested in these caves after completing one of his twelve labors. The caves were formed by the action of the sea on the limestone cliffs over millions of years, and the natural archway that leads into the larger cave is said to have been created by Hercules himself as he rested his head against the rock.

The caves are a popular tourist attraction, and visitors can explore the interior with a guide. The larger cave is illuminated with artificial lighting, and visitors can see the impressive natural rock formations, as well as a small underground lake.

In addition to their mythological significance, the Caves of Hercules also have historical and cultural importance. They are located near the ancient Roman city of Lixus, and it is believed that the Romans used the caves as a place of worship. The caves have also been associated with pirates and smugglers over the centuries. Today, they are a popular destination for tourists and locals alike, who come to enjoy the stunning natural beauty and rich cultural history of the region.

Caves of Hercules

Phraya Nakhon Cave is a stunning natural cave located within Khao Sam Roi Yot National Park in Prachuap Khiri Khan province, Thailand. The cave is famous for its natural beauty and its unique location, with a hole in the roof that allows sunlight to shine down into the cave, creating a magical and mystical atmosphere.

To reach the cave, visitors must first hike a steep and rocky trail through the jungle, which takes about 30-45 minutes to complete. Once inside the cave, visitors are greeted with a large cavernous chamber, filled with stunning stalactites and stalagmites, as well as the iconic image of a royal pavilion sitting in the middle of the chamber.

The pavilion was built in the 19th century by King Rama V, who visited the cave and was so impressed with its beauty that he ordered the construction of the pavilion as a royal throne room. The pavilion is now a popular spot for photos and is considered one of the most iconic and recognizable images of Thailand.

Aside from the pavilion, there are several other smaller chambers and passages within the cave to explore. Visitors should be aware that the cave can be slippery and dark, so it's important to wear sturdy shoes and bring a flashlight or headlamp.

The best time to visit Phraya Nakhon Cave is during the dry season, from November to April, when the weather is cool and dry, and the cave is easier to access. Visitors should also plan to arrive early in the morning to avoid the crowds and to witness the magical light streaming through the hole in the roof.

Phraya Nakhon Cave

Algar do Carvão is a volcanic vent located on the island of Terceira, in the Azores archipelago of Portugal. The name "Algar" means a natural well or hole in the ground, while "Carvão" refers to the carbon deposits found inside the cave.

The cave was formed by a volcanic eruption around 2,000 years ago, and it is one of the few places in the world where visitors can see the inside of a volcano. The Algar do Carvão cave is approximately 100 meters deep and 15 meters wide, with a lake at the bottom of the cave that is approximately 15 meters deep. The lake is fed by rainwater, and the water is so clear that visitors can see all the way to the bottom.

Inside the cave, visitors can see the various layers of rock and lava that were formed during the volcanic eruption. There are also various stalactites and stalagmites that have formed over time due to water dripping down from the ceiling. The cave is well-lit and has a well-constructed wooden walkway, making it easy for visitors to explore the cave and take in its unique beauty.

Algar do Carvao

Naracoorte Caves is a complex of limestone caves located in the Naracoorte Range in South Australia. It is known for its spectacular display of fossils, with over 100,000 fossil specimens from the past 500,000 years. The caves are formed from limestone that was deposited around 200 million years ago, and they contain a variety of formations including stalactites, stalagmites, helictites, and columns.

The caves have been inhabited by indigenous people for thousands of years, and evidence of their presence can be seen in the form of rock art and stone tools. The first European to explore the caves was William Blandowski in 1859, and they were opened to the public in 1960.

Today, the Naracoorte Caves are a popular tourist destination and a World Heritage site. Visitors can take guided tours of several of the caves, including the Victoria Fossil Cave, which contains some of the best-preserved fossil deposits in the world. The caves are also home to a number of rare and endangered species, including the southern bent-wing bat, which roosts in the caves during the summer months.

Naracoorte Caves

The Škocjan Caves are a UNESCO World Heritage site located in southwestern Slovenia, near the town of Divača. The caves are one of the largest and most famous underground cave systems in the world, with a series of underground chambers, halls, and passages stretching over 6 km (3.7 miles) in length.

The caves are known for their impressive natural features, including a massive underground canyon, which is over 100 meters (328 feet) deep in some places. Visitors can walk across a suspended bridge high above the canyon floor, giving them a spectacular view of the subterranean world below.

The caves are also home to a diverse array of plant and animal life, including several rare and endangered species. Visitors to the caves can take guided tours to explore the underground wonders and learn about the unique ecosystem found within the caves.

In addition to its natural wonders, the Škocjan Caves are also steeped in history and culture. Archaeological evidence shows that the caves were inhabited by humans as far back as the Bronze Age, and the site has been used for religious and cultural purposes throughout history. Today, the Škocjan Caves are a popular tourist destination and a testament to the awe-inspiring power of nature.

Skocjan caves

Waitomo Glowworm Caves is a network of underground limestone caves located in Waitomo, New Zealand. The caves are famous for their bioluminescent glowworms, which create a beautiful and unique natural light display.

The caves were formed over millions of years from the slow and steady flow of water through the soft limestone. As the water flowed, it dissolved the rock and created intricate underground passages and chambers. Today, visitors can explore these formations and admire the beautiful stalactites, stalagmites, and other unique rock formations.

The highlight of the caves, however, are the glowworms. These tiny creatures are actually the larvae of a species of fungus gnat found only in New Zealand. They produce a blue-green bioluminescent light that illuminates the cave walls and ceilings, creating a magical and otherworldly atmosphere.

Visitors can take guided tours of the caves, which range from easy walking tours to more adventurous activities like abseiling and black water rafting. The caves are open year-round and are a popular tourist destination, attracting hundreds of thousands of visitors each year.

Waitomo Glowworm Caves

The Cave of Altamira is a prehistoric cave in northern Spain, famous for its remarkable cave paintings, which date back around 14,000 years. The paintings are believed to have been created by early human settlers in the area, who used natural pigments to create stunningly realistic depictions of animals, people, and other figures.

The cave was discovered in 1868 by a local farmer, but it wasn't until 1879 that the paintings were first recognized for their historical significance. Since then, the cave has been carefully studied and protected, although it was closed to the public in 2002 due to concerns about damage from visitors.

In recent years, a replica of the cave has been opened nearby, allowing visitors to experience the beauty and wonder of the paintings while preserving the fragile original site. The replica includes a detailed reproduction of the cave's interior, complete with life-sized replicas of the most famous paintings, providing a fascinating glimpse into the lives and culture of our ancient ancestors.

Cave of Altamira

Tham Kong Lo, also known as Kong Lor Cave, is a cave located in the Phu Hin Bun National Park in Khammouane Province, Laos. It is a karst cave system that stretches over 7.5 km and features a natural tunnel-like formation that was formed by the Hinboun River that flows through it.

The cave is known for its unique geological formations such as stalactites and stalagmites, and is also home to a variety of flora and fauna, including bats and fish. The cave is popular among tourists who can take boat tours through the cave system, which can take around 2 hours to complete.

The surrounding area is also popular for outdoor activities such as hiking, biking, and kayaking, and there are several small villages nearby that offer homestay opportunities for tourists. The Tham Kong Lo cave system is an important part of the local economy, and efforts are being made to protect it and its surrounding area through sustainable tourism practices.

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